It's bit long to explain it in writhing and therefore the explanation will be posted in two articles.
Indication of notes by countries.
Italy
|
Do
|
Re
|
Mi
|
Fa
|
Sol
|
La
|
Si
|
USA & UK
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
F
|
G
|
A
|
B
|
The most popular indication is the one used in the United States and UK.
What is a single note?
Single notes are the notes such as Do (C), Re (D), Mi (E) and others that we already know
Interval
An interval refers to distance between two notes.
e.g) distance between Do and Re, distance between Mi and Fa, etc.
Half tone and whole tone
A gap between two close keys refers to a half tone and a doubled gap refers to a whole tone (half tone + half tone)
If you look into the keyboard of a piano, you will see that there are no black keys between E and F and between B and C.
So it means that the distance between Mi and Fa or between Si and Do is a half tone and the rest of the keys have a whole tone distance with the neighboring ones in the musical notes of Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La and Si that we know.
In guitar, the distance of a fret refers to a half tone and the distance between two close frets refers to a whole tone. With general tuning of a guitar, the sixth string corresponds to E, the fifth string to A, the fourth string to D, the third string to G, the second string to B and the first string to E in the notes of the open strings. Based on this, we can find C, D, E, F, G, A and B on the guitar frets.
They will be indicated as above.
At the twelfth fret, the note of the open strings increase by an octave.
Types of accidental marks
# (Sharp): a sharp raises a note by a half tone.
b (Flat): a flat lowers a note by a half tone.
## (Double Sharp): a double sharp raises a note by a whole tone.
bb (Double Flat): a double flat lowers a note by a whole tone.
♮ (Natural Sign): a natural sign cancels previous accidental marks.
Now let's see F# with guitar.
As a single fret in guitar refers to a half tone interval, we can move from F to the next fret close to the body.
Now let's see Gb with guitar.
As a single fret in guitar refers to a half tone interval, we can move from G to the next fret close to the neck.
So you can see that those two notes have different names but are the same ones.
What is a chord (harmony)?
A chord refers to two or more notes stacked together.
C, G and D chords that we have learned are all major chords in which the wording major is omitted.
The correct name of those chords are C major, G major and D major respectively.
Please do not get confuse with single notes.
C: C chord
Cm: C minor chord (the small letter 'm' refers to minor)
CM7: C major seven chord (the capital letter 'M' refers to major)
What is a root?
A root refers to a starting note when stacking chords.
The root is described by alphabets to the very left of a chord name.
For example, chords such as C, Cm, Cm7, CM7 and Csus4 are all indicating that they are based on the root C.
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